Why Have the Militia Faded as a Popular Concern?
]” (footnote 2), • [1719 and 1744] “That the Town Council of each respective Town in this Colony, Be * * * Authorized and Impowered, to appoint, Settle and Order a Military Watch in Time of War * * * of such Number of Persons as they think proper”; and “[t]hat each respective Town Council * * * be * * * fully Impowered to appoint and Settle all Watches in Time of Peace”. By the Body Politicke in the Ile of Aqethnec, Inhabiting this present, 25 of 9: month. 5.) EN-534 — At the GENERAL ASSEMBLY of the GOVERNOR and COMPANY of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, in New-England, in America, begun and holden by Adjournment, at Providence, within and for the Colony aforesaid, on the Second Monday in January, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy-six, in Rhode Island Acts and Resolves, Volume 8 [9], at {221}. “Left” vs “Right” Phony Political Spectrum, CHSA: Organizational Mission and Structure, Ultimate Goal: State Law and State Legislatures, Militia: Repel the Invasion of Illegal Immigration, Silver and Gold as “Money” Implemented by the States, Alternative Constitutional Currency Bill NH, Educate Citizens On Alternative Constitutional Currency. 8.) Samuel Johnson, A Dictionary of the English Language, First Edition (London, England: W. Strahan, 1755), and Fourth Edition (London, England: W. Strahan, 1773), definitions 4, 5, and 7 in both the First (1755) and the Fourth (1773) Editions. The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, ante note 11, Volume 2, at 3699, definition 7 of “watch”. Watch and ward definition is - continuous unbroken vigilance and guard. And if any stranger do pass by them he shall be arrested until morning[;], every man have in his house harness [that is, armaments] for to keep the peace * * * that is to say, every man between fifteen years of age and sixty years shall be assessed and sworn to armour according to the quantity of their lands and goods; that is to wit, from fifteen pounds lands, and goods forty marks, an hauberke, an helme of iron, a sword, a knife, and a horse; and from ten pounds of lands, and twenty marks goods, an hauberke, an helme of iron, a sword, and a knife; and from five pounds lands, a doublet, an helme of iron, a sword, and a knife; and from forty shillings of land, a sword, a bow and arrows, and a knife; and he that hath less than forty shillings yearly shall * * * keep gisarmes, knives and other less weapons; and he that hath less than twenty marks in goods, shall have swords, knives, and other less weapons; and all other that may shall have bows and arrows out of the forest, and in the forest bows and boults. (footnote 2) This view, however, forgets that both the Watch and the Ward were effectively subsets of the pre-constitutional Militia (as probably no one who served in the Watch or the Ward was not a member of the Militia, too), and that to this day the Militia retain the explicit constitutional authority—that no police forces share (unless, as they should be, all police forces are deemed to be, and employed as, specialized units within the Militia (footnote 3)—“to execute the Laws of the Union” when specially “call[ed] forth” for that purpose, (footnote 4) and to execute the laws of their States at all other times. Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary (Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Company, 1913), at 1630, definitions 1 through 4. (footnote 4), • [1740] “That all Persons making solemn Engagement * * * that it is against their Conscience to bear Arms at all, shall on an Alarm, appear * * * without Arms, to be employed as * * * Watches * * * or else * * * to watch against or extinguish any Fires that may be kindled at such Times, either by Design or Accident[. Accord, The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 1971), Volume 2, at 3684, definition 1 (verb). Also see The Sword and Sovereignty: The Constitutional Principles of “the Militia of the several States”, Front Royal, Virginia CD ROM Edition 2012, by Dr. Edwin Vieira, Jr., page 238. Reprinted from a compilation dated “1705”, it appears in Military Obligation, Rhode Island, at 37. The Sword and Sovereignty: The Constitutional Principles of “the Militia of the several States”, Front Royal, Virginia CD ROM Edition 2012, by Dr. Edwin Vieira, Jr., page 238. ]” (footnote 1), • [1744] “[W]hen it shall be thought necessary to set a double Watch in any Town in this Government, every Person that shall be legally notified to watch at such Times, and shall refuse or neglect to appear, * * * or send a good and sufficient Man in his Room, such Person for every such Offence, shall pay a Fine of Sixteen Shillings. "A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State"—Second Amendment. 5.) 9.) EN-533 — AN ACT establishing an Independent Company, by the Name of The Light-Infantry for the County of Providence, At the GENERAL ASSEMBLY of the GOVERNOR and COMPANY of the English Colony of Rhode-Island, and Providence Plantations, in New-England, in America, begun and holden, by Adjournment, at Newport, within and for the said Colony, on the Second Monday in June, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy-four, in Rhode Island Acts and Resolves, Volume 7, at {38}. 4.) Reproduction, removal and reusing in any manner or medium is strictly prohibited. At a Generall Towne Meetinge at Portsmouth, 1st of March, 1643, in Rhode Island Records, Volume 1, at 79. Noah Webster, An American Dictionary of the English Language (New York, New York: S. Cosgrove, 1828), definition 5. 4.) For within Rhode Island’s Militia, her Watch and Ward embodied the fullness of compulsory duty. Watch and ward definition, a continuous watch or vigil, by or as by night and by day, especially for the purpose of guarding. 8.) Also see The Sword and Sovereignty: The Constitutional Principles of “the Militia of the several States”, Front Royal, Virginia CD ROM Edition 2012, by Dr. Edwin Vieira, Jr., page 235-236. Also see The Sword and Sovereignty: The Constitutional Principles of “the Militia of the several States”, Front Royal, Virginia CD ROM Edition 2012, by Dr. Edwin Vieira, Jr., page 238. Accord, The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 1971), Volume 2, at 3699, definitions 3, 6, 6b, 8, and 11.

For within Rhode Island’s Militia, her Watch and Ward embodied the fullness of compulsory duty. The Watch in Colonial America is often treated as the first institution established for the regular purposes of “law enforcement”, and therefore as the precursor of modern-day municipal police forces. Also see The Sword and Sovereignty: The Constitutional Principles of “the Militia of the several States”, Front Royal, Virginia CD ROM Edition 2012, by Dr. Edwin Vieira, Jr., page 238.
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(footnote 8) Some authorities suggest that such a differentiation is a matter more of word-play than of reality. 1.) Some authorities suggest that such a differentiation between The “watch” and the “ward” is a matter more of word-play than of reality. This statute is dated “1699” in LAWS AND ACTS OF RHODE ISLAND, AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS Made from the First Settlement in 1636 to 1705, at 92, reprinted in J.D. The constitutional institution of "homeland security" is "A well regulated Militia" based upon "the right of the people to keep and bear Arms". Also see The Sword and Sovereignty: The Constitutional Principles of “the Militia of the several States”, Front Royal, Virginia CD ROM Edition 2012, by Dr. Edwin Vieira, Jr., page 237. Also see The Sword and Sovereignty: The Constitutional Principles of “the Militia of the several States”, Front Royal, Virginia CD ROM Edition 2012, by Dr. Edwin Vieira, Jr., page 237. The only means by which men could obtain exemptions in practice from the Watch and the Ward were by providing suitable substitutes or paying fines. (footnote 8) But Rhode Island’s pre-constitutional statutes treated it as substantial. Accord, The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 1971), Volume 2, at 3684, definitions 1 and 11 (noun). The system developed in 13th century England to preserve the peace in local communities. EN-536 — An ACT for putting this Colony in a Posture of Defence, and for rend’ring the Militia in the several Towns thereof, more Useful in Time of an Actual Invasion, LAWS, Made and pass’d by the General Assembly of His Majesty’s Colony of Rhode-Island, and Providence-Plantations, in New-England; held by Adjournment, at Newport, the Twenty Second Day of May, 1744, in Public Laws of Rhode Island, 1744, at 289. 2.) We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. ]” (footnote 5), • [1755] “[A]ll those * * * duly enlisted in this [Independent Artillery] Company * * * shall be exempted from bearing Arms, or doing military Duty (watching and warding excepted) in the several Companies or train’d Bands in whose District they respectively live[. EN-527 — An Act for the better regulating the militia, and for punishing offenders as shall not conform to the law thereunto relating, At the Generall Assembly and Election held for the Collony at Newport, the 7th of May, 1701, in Rhode Island Records, Volume 3, at 432.
Why Have the Militia Faded as a Popular Concern?
]” (footnote 2), • [1719 and 1744] “That the Town Council of each respective Town in this Colony, Be * * * Authorized and Impowered, to appoint, Settle and Order a Military Watch in Time of War * * * of such Number of Persons as they think proper”; and “[t]hat each respective Town Council * * * be * * * fully Impowered to appoint and Settle all Watches in Time of Peace”. By the Body Politicke in the Ile of Aqethnec, Inhabiting this present, 25 of 9: month. 5.) EN-534 — At the GENERAL ASSEMBLY of the GOVERNOR and COMPANY of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, in New-England, in America, begun and holden by Adjournment, at Providence, within and for the Colony aforesaid, on the Second Monday in January, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy-six, in Rhode Island Acts and Resolves, Volume 8 [9], at {221}. “Left” vs “Right” Phony Political Spectrum, CHSA: Organizational Mission and Structure, Ultimate Goal: State Law and State Legislatures, Militia: Repel the Invasion of Illegal Immigration, Silver and Gold as “Money” Implemented by the States, Alternative Constitutional Currency Bill NH, Educate Citizens On Alternative Constitutional Currency. 8.) Samuel Johnson, A Dictionary of the English Language, First Edition (London, England: W. Strahan, 1755), and Fourth Edition (London, England: W. Strahan, 1773), definitions 4, 5, and 7 in both the First (1755) and the Fourth (1773) Editions. The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, ante note 11, Volume 2, at 3699, definition 7 of “watch”. Watch and ward definition is - continuous unbroken vigilance and guard. And if any stranger do pass by them he shall be arrested until morning[;], every man have in his house harness [that is, armaments] for to keep the peace * * * that is to say, every man between fifteen years of age and sixty years shall be assessed and sworn to armour according to the quantity of their lands and goods; that is to wit, from fifteen pounds lands, and goods forty marks, an hauberke, an helme of iron, a sword, a knife, and a horse; and from ten pounds of lands, and twenty marks goods, an hauberke, an helme of iron, a sword, and a knife; and from five pounds lands, a doublet, an helme of iron, a sword, and a knife; and from forty shillings of land, a sword, a bow and arrows, and a knife; and he that hath less than forty shillings yearly shall * * * keep gisarmes, knives and other less weapons; and he that hath less than twenty marks in goods, shall have swords, knives, and other less weapons; and all other that may shall have bows and arrows out of the forest, and in the forest bows and boults. (footnote 2) This view, however, forgets that both the Watch and the Ward were effectively subsets of the pre-constitutional Militia (as probably no one who served in the Watch or the Ward was not a member of the Militia, too), and that to this day the Militia retain the explicit constitutional authority—that no police forces share (unless, as they should be, all police forces are deemed to be, and employed as, specialized units within the Militia (footnote 3)—“to execute the Laws of the Union” when specially “call[ed] forth” for that purpose, (footnote 4) and to execute the laws of their States at all other times. Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary (Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Company, 1913), at 1630, definitions 1 through 4. (footnote 4), • [1740] “That all Persons making solemn Engagement * * * that it is against their Conscience to bear Arms at all, shall on an Alarm, appear * * * without Arms, to be employed as * * * Watches * * * or else * * * to watch against or extinguish any Fires that may be kindled at such Times, either by Design or Accident[. Accord, The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 1971), Volume 2, at 3684, definition 1 (verb). Also see The Sword and Sovereignty: The Constitutional Principles of “the Militia of the several States”, Front Royal, Virginia CD ROM Edition 2012, by Dr. Edwin Vieira, Jr., page 238. Reprinted from a compilation dated “1705”, it appears in Military Obligation, Rhode Island, at 37. The Sword and Sovereignty: The Constitutional Principles of “the Militia of the several States”, Front Royal, Virginia CD ROM Edition 2012, by Dr. Edwin Vieira, Jr., page 238. ]” (footnote 1), • [1744] “[W]hen it shall be thought necessary to set a double Watch in any Town in this Government, every Person that shall be legally notified to watch at such Times, and shall refuse or neglect to appear, * * * or send a good and sufficient Man in his Room, such Person for every such Offence, shall pay a Fine of Sixteen Shillings. "A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State"—Second Amendment. 5.) 9.) EN-533 — AN ACT establishing an Independent Company, by the Name of The Light-Infantry for the County of Providence, At the GENERAL ASSEMBLY of the GOVERNOR and COMPANY of the English Colony of Rhode-Island, and Providence Plantations, in New-England, in America, begun and holden, by Adjournment, at Newport, within and for the said Colony, on the Second Monday in June, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy-four, in Rhode Island Acts and Resolves, Volume 7, at {38}. 4.) Reproduction, removal and reusing in any manner or medium is strictly prohibited. At a Generall Towne Meetinge at Portsmouth, 1st of March, 1643, in Rhode Island Records, Volume 1, at 79. Noah Webster, An American Dictionary of the English Language (New York, New York: S. Cosgrove, 1828), definition 5. 4.) For within Rhode Island’s Militia, her Watch and Ward embodied the fullness of compulsory duty. Watch and ward definition, a continuous watch or vigil, by or as by night and by day, especially for the purpose of guarding. 8.) Also see The Sword and Sovereignty: The Constitutional Principles of “the Militia of the several States”, Front Royal, Virginia CD ROM Edition 2012, by Dr. Edwin Vieira, Jr., page 235-236. Also see The Sword and Sovereignty: The Constitutional Principles of “the Militia of the several States”, Front Royal, Virginia CD ROM Edition 2012, by Dr. Edwin Vieira, Jr., page 238. Accord, The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 1971), Volume 2, at 3699, definitions 3, 6, 6b, 8, and 11.

For within Rhode Island’s Militia, her Watch and Ward embodied the fullness of compulsory duty. The Watch in Colonial America is often treated as the first institution established for the regular purposes of “law enforcement”, and therefore as the precursor of modern-day municipal police forces. Also see The Sword and Sovereignty: The Constitutional Principles of “the Militia of the several States”, Front Royal, Virginia CD ROM Edition 2012, by Dr. Edwin Vieira, Jr., page 238.

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