[13] It was the first topographic map of an entire country. He made the same observations regarding Venus in 1667, but in a less precise form. In Paris, Cassini discovered the second satellite of Saturn, Iapetus, in 1671 and correctly explained its brightness variations. PASCAL, BLAISE This led directly to Danish astronomer Ole (or Olaus) Römer's determination of the speed of light in 1675. [11][unreliable source?]. En 1790, la rue Cassini, près de l'observatoire de Paris, porte son nom.
Cassini’s astronomical studies are found principally in Éléments d’astronomie (1740; “Elements of Astronomy”) and Tables astronomiques du soleil, de la lune, des planètes, des étoiles fixes et des satellites de Jupiter et de Saturne (1740; “Astronomical Tables of the Sun, Moon, Planets, Fixed Stars, and Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn”). Cassini likewise worked on establishing tables of movements of the satellites of Jupiter, a task that Galileo had undertaken primarily in order to obtain a solution to the problem of the determination of longitudes.
Updates? https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cassini-giovanni-domenico, "Cassini, Giovanni Domenico In addition, he was the first to record observations of the zodiacal light. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Secondary Literature. He was also able to complete his education under the tutelage of two excellent scientists, the Bolognese Jesuits Giovan Battista Riccioli—who was then finishing his great treatise, the Almagestum novum (1651)— and Francesco Maria Grimaldi, who later became famous for his discovery of the phenomenon of diffraction, published in his posthumous work De lumine (1665). In 1652–1653 the passage of a comet attracted his attention. Giordano Berti e Giovanni Paltrinieri (a cura di), This page was last edited on 30 September 2020, at 15:49. The Cassini space probe, launched in 1997, was named after him and became the fourth to visit the planet Saturn and the first to orbit the planet. He concluded the changes in size he measured were consistent with Johannes Kepler's 1609 heliocentric theory, where the Earth was moving around the Sun in an elliptical orbit instead of the Ptolemaic system where the Sun orbited the Earth in an eccentric orbit. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Giordano Berti e Giovanni Paltrinieri (a cura di), This page was last edited on 30 September 2020, at 15:49. In fact, his departure from Bologna on 25 February 1669 marked not the beginning of a long foreign mission but the end of his Italian career. Cassini departed from Bologna on 25 February 1669.[6]. Cassini, Giovanni Domenico. "Cassini, Giovanni Domenico 16 Oct. 2020
678–682, or in the Table générale des maturès continuesdans l’Histoire et dans les Mémoires de l’Académic Royaledes Sciences, I–III (Paris, 1729–1734). Sky and Telescope 93, no. After a second, diplomatic discussion, the senate of Bologna and the pope authorized Cassini at the end of 1668 to accept the invitation, while maintaining both the various titles he had acquired in Italy and their corresponding emoluments. ." Original Works. Edberg, Stephen J. He gradually got used to speaking French, however. The first of a family of astronomers who settled in France and were prominent in directing the activities of the French school of astronomy until the Revolution, Cassini was the son of Jacopo Cassini, a Tuscan, and Julia Crovesi. Cassini initially held the Earth to be the centre of the Solar System, though later observations compelled him to accept the model of the Solar System proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus, and eventually that of Tycho Brahe. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer; Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini; César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini . Giovanni Domenico Cassini, connu en France sous le nom Jean-Dominique Cassini, dit Cassini Ier (8 juin 1625, Perinaldo, comté de Nice, Savoie – 14 septembre 1712, Paris, France) est un astronome et ingénieur savoisien, naturalisé français en 1673. Admis à la Royal Society, en 1696, et à l'Académie de Berlin, il se lie d'amitié avec Newton et Halley. Several persons took part in this negotiation, including the astronomer Adrien Auzout; the terms settled upon were an annual pension of 9,000 livres (Huygens himself received only 6,000 livres), free lodging, and a travel allowance of 1,000 écus. Most of Cassini’s publications and memoirs are listed in the Catalogue général des livres imprimés de la Bibliothèque Nationale, XXIV (Paris, 1905), cols. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Cassini was an astronomer at the Panzano Observatory, from 1648 to 1669.He was a professor of astronomy at the University of Bologna and became, in 1671, director of the Paris Observatory.
Cassini’s early studies were principally observations of the Sun, but after he obtained more powerful telescopes, he turned his attention to the planets. [8] Cassini was the first to observe these four moons, which he called Sidera Lodoicea (the stars of Louis), including Iapetus, whose anomalous variations in brightness he correctly ascribed as being due to the presence of dark material on one hemisphere (now called Cassini Regio in his honour). At the beginning of 1666 he observed the spots on Mars and investigated the rotation of that planet, whose period hecalculated at 24h 40m (three minutes less than the value presently accepted). At the Paris Observatory, Cassini, now using Jean Dominique as his first name, continued his astronomical observations, at times using the extremely long "aerial telescopes" developed by Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens. In 1683, Cassini presented the correct explanation of the phenomenon of zodiacal light.
Cassini is the namesake of a joint program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the European Space Agency, and the Italian Space Agency to study the Saturn system beginning in 2004. see also Huygens, Christiaan (volume 2); Jupiter (volume 2); Saturn (volume 2); Small Bodies (volume 2). Observations astronomiques... - Traités et dissertations de divers auteurs. Cassini departed from Bologna on 25 February 1669.[6]. Cassini was born in Perinaldo,[2][3] near Imperia, at that time in the County of Nice, part of the Savoyard state. Activities of a more technical nature, however, were to oblige Cassini to abandon astronomical research to some extent. He was attracted at first by astrological speculations, but reading Pico della Mirandola’s pamphlet Disputationes Joannis Pici Mirandolae adversus astrologiam divinatricem persuaded him of the frivolity of that pseudoscience. 217–220, and Bibliographie astronomique (Paris, 1802); J. physics. Many MSS by Cassini or initialed by him are preserved in the Archives de l’Observatoire de Paris and at the Bibliothéque de l’Institut. In 1653, Cassini, wishing to employ such an instrument, sketched a plan for a new and larger meridian but one that would be difficult to build. Most of their time was spent calculating newer, better, and more accurate ephemerides for astrological purposes using the rapidly advancing astronomical methods and tools of the day. Cassini also studied atmospheric refraction and conducted a geodetic survey . Il participe à la découverte de la variation d'intensité de la pesanteur en fonction de la latitude au cours d'un voyage à Cayenne. New York: Henry Schuman, 1952.
In accepting this position Cassini initiated the first part of his career, which lasted until his departure for france in February 1669. In 1688, the French envoy to Siam (Thailand), Simon de la Loubère, returned to Paris with an obscure manuscript relating to the astronomical traditions of that country, along with a French translation. In 1668, Cassini computed tables that predicted the motion of Jupiter's four known moons.
Launched aboard a Titan IVB/Centaur on 15 October 1997, Cassini had a nearly 20-year life span, with 13 of these years spent orbiting Saturn. Berry, Arthur. At the same time, he described the whole group of the planet’s bands, as well as its spots, and observed its flattening. En 1701, il se fait construire une résidence d'été au hameau de Fillerval à Thury-sous-Clermont. [9] His explication of the manuscript appeared in La Loubère's book on the Kingdom of Siam in 1691,[10][non-primary source needed] which laid the foundations of European scholarship on Indian astronomy. Mémoires de l’Académie royale des sciences, Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes, Méthodes, inventions et descriptions de machines de divers auteurs.
La division de Cassini est la région des anneaux de la planète Saturne qui sépare les anneaux A et B de cette planète. [6] The Pope asked Cassini to take Holy Orders to work with him permanently but Cassini turned him down because he wanted to work on astronomy full-time. "Cassini composed several memoirs on the flooding of the Po River and on the means of avoiding it; moreover, he also carried out experiments in applied hydraulics. At the age of twenty-five, Cassini was named chair of astronomy at the University of Bologna and held that position for nineteen years. A traditionalist, he accepted the solar theory of Nicolaus Copernicus within limits, but he rejected the theory of Johannes Kepler that planets travel in ellipses and proposed that their paths were certain curved ovals, which came to be known as Cassinians, or ovals of Cassini. In 1648 Cassini accepted a position at the observatory at Panzano, near Bologna, to work with Marquis Cornelio Malvasia, a rich amateur astronomer, initiating the first part of his career. Finally, Richer observed that the length of a pendulum with a frequency of once a second is less at Cayenne than at Paris, an unexpected fact whose interpretation provoked ardent polemics for two thirds of a century.
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